Basic knowledge of pressure vessel

Definition of Pressure Vessel
Pressure vessel generally refers to the closed vessel used in industrial production to complete the process of reaction, heat transfer, mass transfer, separation, storage and other processes, under pressure above 0.1MPa.
"Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment" clearly stipulates that the definition of pressure vessel is:
Pressure vessel is a sealed equipment containing gas or liquid and bearing a certain pressure. Its range is defined as maximum working pressure greater than or equal to 0
1MP a(gauge pressure), the product of pressure and volume is greater than or equal to 2
. 5MP a-l gas, liquefied gas and liquid fixed and mobile containers with maximum operating temperature above or equal to the standard boiling point; Gas cylinders with standard boiling point equal to or less than 60℃, nominal working pressure greater than or equal to 0.2MPa(gauge pressure), pressure and volume product greater than or equal to 1.0 Mpa-L; Oxygen chamber, etc.
Pressure vessel application
In the early stage, pressure vessels were mainly used in the chemical industry, with the pressure mostly below 10mpa
. With the advent of high pressure production processes such as synthetic ammonia and high pressure polyethylene, the pressure of pressure vessels is required to be increased to more than 100mpa.
With the development of chemical industry and petrochemical industry, the working temperature range of pressure vessel becomes wider and wider. The appearance of new working medium also requires the pressure vessel to have the ability to resist the corrosion of medium; With the increasing size of many process units, the capacity of pressure vessels is also increasing. Since the 1960s, the development of nuclear power plant has put forward higher safety and technical requirements for reactor pressure vessels, which further promotes the development of pressure vessels. For example, the development of the coal conversion industry requires a single high temperature pressure vessel weighing thousands of tons; The application of fast neutron breeder needs to solve the problem of pressure vessel resistant to high temperature and liquid sodium corrosion. The development of ocean engineering requires external pressure vessels that can operate hundreds to thousands of meters underwater.
If the pressure vessel explodes in use, it will cause a catastrophic accident. There have been many pressure vessel explosions in history, resulting in hundreds of casualties. Even the explosion of small liquefied petroleum gas cylinders can cause casualties; If there is an accident in the reactor pressure vessel used by the plant, radioactive material will escape, with more serious consequences.